Blood donors may no longer be needed in the future after scientists showed it was possible to create blood from stem cells. 科學(xué)家們表明有望利用干細胞生成血液，未來可能不再需要獻血者。
The 20 year project could pave the way for an unlimited number of blood and immune cells for transplants, simply by reprogramming a patient’s own skin cells. 這項持續(xù)了20年的研究，為將來只需改造患者自身的皮膚細胞就可以獲得骨髓移植所需的無限量血液和免疫細胞鋪平了道路。
The research, reported in the journal Nature, holds out enormous promise for developing personalised treatments for blood disorders, drug-screening and reducing shortages of donated blood. 《自然》期刊上報道的這項研究前景廣闊，對為血液疾病提供個性化治療、藥物篩選和緩解捐獻血液短缺具有重要意義。
Dr Ryohichi Sugimura, of Boston Children's Hospital, said: "This gives us the potential to have a limitless supply of blood stem cells and blood by taking cells from universal donors. This could potentially augment the blood supply for patients who need transfusions. 波士頓兒童醫(yī)院的杉樹遼一博士表示：“這為我們從萬能供血者身上獲取細胞來提供無限造血干細胞和血液提供了可能，有望進一步滿足需要血液供應(yīng)的患者的輸血要求。
“This step opens up an opportunity to take cells from patients with genetic blood disorders, use gene editing to correct their genetic defect and make functional blood cells.” “這項進展為我們提供了機會，可以從遺傳性血液病患者身上獲取細胞，然后使用基因編輯技術(shù)來糾正遺傳缺陷并產(chǎn)生功能性血細胞。”
For patients receiving treatment for cancer, blood disorders, after accidents or during surgery, or new mums who lose blood in childbirth, blood is an absolutely essential part of healthcare. 對于接受癌癥治療、血液疾病治療、意外事故創(chuàng)傷治療、接受手術(shù)的患者，或分娩時失血的母親，血液在醫(yī)療服務(wù)中絕對是必不可少的部分。
But NHS Blood and Transplant - the service which collects, tests and processes blood for hospitals across England -says that while hospitals have the blood needed to treat patients there is a need for more new donors. 但英國國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系血液和移植部表示，即使醫(yī)院擁有治療患者所需的血液，仍需要更多的獻血者。該部門為全英國的醫(yī)院提供收集、測試和處理血液的服務(wù)。
In England the number of people becoming donors and giving blood for the first time dropped 24.4 percent in 2015 compared to 2005. 與2005年相比，英國2015年首次成為捐贈者獻血的人數(shù)量下降了24.4%。 
Since human embryonic stem cells were isolated in 1998, scientists have been trying with little success to use them to make blood-forming stem cells. 自1998年成功分離人類胚胎干細胞后，科學(xué)家一直在嘗試使用它們來生成造血干細胞，但進展有限。
In the new research, the Boston team started with embryonic stem cells and exposed them to a chemical soup which triggered their transformation into a tissue which eventually makes blood stem cells. 在這項新研究中，波士頓團隊首先使用胚胎干細胞，并將其暴露于化學(xué)試劑中，從而將其轉(zhuǎn)化為最終能夠產(chǎn)生血液干細胞的組織。
When the tissue was transplanted in mice, new blood cells were created in the animals. 當將組織移植到小鼠體內(nèi)后，小鼠體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了新的血細胞。
"This work is the culmination of over 20 years of striving,” said Dr George Daley, who heads a research lab in Boston Children's Hospital's Stem Cell Program and is dean of Harvard Medical School. 波士頓兒童醫(yī)院干細胞計劃的研究實驗室負責人喬治•達利博士是哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的院長，他說：“這項工作是二十多年努力成果的凝縮。”
"We're tantalizingly close to generating bona fide human blood stem cells in a dish," “離在實驗室中制造出真正人類血液干細胞的目標越來越近，我們感到既心急又激動。”
Another team also writing in Nature succeeded in making blood cells using a different technique. 另一個在《自然》期刊中發(fā)表論文的研究團隊使用另一種方法成功制造出血細胞。
The scientists, led by Dr Shahin Rafii, from Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, converted cells lining blood vessels into immature blood stem cells, which then finished developing after being transplanted onto a layer of umbilical cord tissue. 由紐約市威爾康奈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院的沙欣•拉非博士領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的科學(xué)家團隊將血管內(nèi)膜細胞轉(zhuǎn)化為未成熟的血液干細胞，然后將其移植到臍帶組織層上完成發(fā)育過程。
英文來源：每日電訊報翻譯：陶佳琪（中國日報網(wǎng)愛新聞iNews譯者）編審：丹妮
